The Espresso Index

Paper · 2011 · advanced level

Top Incomes in the Long Run of History

Anthony B. Atkinson, Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez

Venue
Journal of Economic Literature, 49(1), 3–71
DOI
10.1257/jel.49.1.3
Link
publisher / source page

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In plain language

A survey extending the tax-data 'top incomes' method across 20+ countries, showing English-speaking countries reversed the mid-century inequality decline much more sharply than continental Europe or Japan.

Technical summary

Synthesizes top-income-share methodology and cross-country comparability issues (income definition, avoidance/evasion); documents institutional divergence in post-1980 top-share trajectories despite shared technology/trade shocks.

Key takeaways

  • Inequality trends are not one global story — institutions (top tax rates, unionization, executive-pay norms) explain cross-country divergence.

Themes

Measuring Inequality

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