The Espresso Index

Compare countries: income inequality over time

Pick two to four countries and compare their Gini coefficients (0 = perfect equality, 100 = one person has everything). In the latest year, the United States sits near 39 and Sweden near 29 on disposable income.

Data table (text alternative) for the selected countries
Disposable-income Gini by country and year, selected countries, every fifth year
YearUnited StatesSwedenBrazil
196032.945.528.9
196533.141.737.7
197032.433.746.5
197531.922.552.0
198031.120.353.3
198534.120.453.7
199034.622.456.9
199536.722.856.7
200037.025.154.3
200538.524.550.1
201037.427.046.7
201538.428.344.8
202037.828.345.8

Data as of: Standardized World Income Inequality Database (Frederick Solt) (swiid_summary.csv (GitHub mirror), latest year 2025) ·

How to read this chart

Higher is more unequal. The shaded band is SWIID's uncertainty from harmonizing different national sources — differences smaller than the bands shouldn't be over-read. Disposable income means after taxes and transfers. Background: how inequality is measured; the dataset paper: Solt (2020).

Methodology

Disposable-income (post-tax, post-transfer) Gini on a 0–100 scale, with SWIID's standard-error band reflecting the uncertainty introduced by harmonizing national sources. Market-income Gini shown where available. SWIID standardizes differing national definitions (household vs. individual, gross vs. net); see Solt (2020).

Coverage: 199 countries, 1960–2025. SWIID releases roughly annually; we re-sync at least every 120 days. License: CC BY 4.0. Download the data (JSON).

Data table (text alternative)

The data table for the currently selected countries is below the chart.